{"id":38907,"date":"2021-01-21T12:50:57","date_gmt":"2021-01-21T12:50:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/allaboutibs.com\/dalsi-gastrointestinalni-problemy\/"},"modified":"2021-01-21T12:50:57","modified_gmt":"2021-01-21T12:50:57","slug":"dalsi-gastrointestinalni-problemy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/allaboutibs.com\/cs\/dalsi-gastrointestinalni-problemy\/","title":{"rendered":"Dal\u0161\u00ed gastrointestin\u00e1ln\u00ed probl\u00e9my"},"content":{"rendered":"

Krom\u011b IBS mohou b\u00fdt gastrointestin\u00e1ln\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee zp\u016fsobeny i jin\u00fdmi onemocn\u011bn\u00edmi tr\u00e1vic\u00edho traktu. V mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech je nutn\u00e9 je p\u0159ed diagnostikov\u00e1n\u00edm IBS vylou\u010dit. Zde je p\u0159ehled n\u011bkter\u00fdch b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch gastrointestin\u00e1ln\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f.<\/p>\n

P\u00e1len\u00ed \u017e\u00e1hy \/ refluxn\u00ed choroba<\/h2>\n

Refluxn\u00ed choroba neboli „p\u00e1len\u00ed \u017e\u00e1hy\/reflux kyseliny“ je b\u011b\u017en\u00fd gastrointestin\u00e1ln\u00ed probl\u00e9m, kter\u00fd postihuje 10 a\u017e 30 % evropsk\u00e9 populace.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edznaky jsou pocit p\u00e1len\u00ed na hrudi\/hrdle, kdy\u017e se \u017ealude\u010dn\u00ed \u0161\u0165\u00e1va vrac\u00ed ze \u017ealudku. M\u016f\u017eete m\u00edt tak\u00e9 probl\u00e9my s polyk\u00e1n\u00edm a n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 maj\u00ed pocit tlaku na hrudi. P\u00e1len\u00ed \u017e\u00e1hy je n\u011bkdy myln\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1no za infarkt nebo jin\u00e9 srde\u010dn\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee. Reflux kyseliny tak\u00e9 u n\u011bkter\u00fdch lid\u00ed zp\u016fsobuje such\u00fd ka\u0161el.
\n\u00dalevu m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159in\u00e9st zm\u011bna \u017eivotn\u00edho stylu a r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy l\u00e9k\u016f, kter\u00e9 kyselinu potla\u010duj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u017dalude\u010dn\u00ed v\u0159ed<\/h2>\n

U \u017ealude\u010dn\u00edch v\u0159ed\u016f se v\u0159edy tvo\u0159\u00ed ve dvan\u00e1ctn\u00edku (tenk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st st\u0159eva, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1sleduje po \u017ealudku) nebo v \u017ealudku. R\u00e1ny jsou zp\u016fsobeny \u017ealude\u010dn\u00ed kyselinou, kter\u00e1 po\u0161kozuje \u010d\u00e1sti sliznic. P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou mohou b\u00fdt l\u00e9ky (nap\u0159\u00edklad Ipren a Treo) nebo infekce bakteri\u00ed Helicobacter pylori <\/i> (Hp) zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00ed \u017ealude\u010dn\u00ed v\u0159edy.<\/p>\n

Mezi b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky pat\u0159\u00ed bolest a citlivost v horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti \u017ealudku. Pot\u00ed\u017ee se st\u0159\u00eddaj\u00ed s nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fdmi pocity trvaj\u00edc\u00edmi n\u011bkolik t\u00fddn\u016f, po nich\u017e n\u00e1sleduj\u00ed obdob\u00ed bez pot\u00ed\u017e\u00ed. Pot\u00ed\u017ee se \u010dasto sni\u017euj\u00ed p\u0159i j\u00eddle (i kdy\u017e u n\u011bkter\u00fdch lid\u00ed se mohou j\u00eddlem zhor\u0161ovat) a mohou b\u00fdt obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 v noci. P\u0159i \u017ealude\u010dn\u00edch v\u0159edech byste se m\u011bli vyhnout tab\u00e1ku, k\u00e1v\u011b, alkoholu, \u010daji a n\u011bkter\u00fdm l\u00e9k\u016fm.<\/p>\n

Praskl\u00fd nebo krv\u00e1cej\u00edc\u00ed \u017ealude\u010dn\u00ed v\u0159ed mus\u00ed b\u00fdt urychlen\u011b o\u0161et\u0159en v nemocnici. Dnes existuj\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 l\u00e9ky, kter\u00e9 spolu s antibiotiky l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee sni\u017euj\u00ed produkci kyseliny a d\u00e1vaj\u00ed ran\u00e1m \u0161anci na zhojen\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u011b s odstran\u011bn\u00edm bakteri\u00ed zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u017dlu\u010dn\u00edkov\u00fd z\u00e1chvat<\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u017dlu\u010dn\u00edkov\u00e9 z\u00e1chvaty jsou bohu\u017eel pom\u011brn\u011b \u010dast\u00e9. A\u017e 30 % \u017een a 20 % mu\u017e\u016f star\u0161\u00edch 40 let n\u011bkdy prod\u011bl\u00e1 \u017elu\u010dn\u00edkov\u00fd z\u00e1chvat a riziko se zvy\u0161uje, pokud m\u00e1te nap\u0159\u00edklad nadv\u00e1hu nebo se stravujete s vysok\u00fdm obsahem tuk\u016f. \u017dlu\u010dn\u00edkov\u00fd z\u00e1chvat \u010dasto p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed v atak\u00e1ch, tj. m\u00e1te obdob\u00ed siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed bolesti pod \u017eebry na prav\u00e9 stran\u011b t\u011bla a z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u00e1s bol\u00ed. Bolest je \u010dasto vysoko v b\u0159i\u0161e a m\u016f\u017ee vyza\u0159ovat do zad a ramen.<\/p>\n

Pro\u010d tedy dost\u00e1v\u00e1te \u017elu\u010dn\u00edkov\u00e9 z\u00e1chvaty? \u017dlu\u010d se tvo\u0159\u00ed v j\u00e1trech a pot\u00e9 se ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 ve \u017elu\u010dn\u00edku. T\u011blo pak vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 \u017elu\u010d k rozm\u011bln\u011bn\u00ed tuk\u016f z potravy. V souvislosti s j\u00eddlem se \u017elu\u010d dost\u00e1v\u00e1 ze \u017elu\u010dn\u00edku do st\u0159ev. \u017dlu\u010dov\u00e9 kameny vznikaj\u00ed, kdy\u017e se v j\u00e1trech vytvo\u0159\u00ed tak velk\u00e9 krystaly, \u017ee se \u017elu\u010d obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b dost\u00e1v\u00e1 ze \u017elu\u010dn\u00edku do st\u0159ev. Bolest zp\u016fsobuje tlak ve \u017elu\u010dn\u00edku.<\/p>\n

\u00dalevu mohou p\u0159in\u00e9st l\u00e9ky proti bolesti a k\u0159e\u010d\u00edm, a pokud m\u00e1te dlouhodob\u00e9 pot\u00ed\u017ee, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u017elu\u010dn\u00edk odstran\u011bn. \u017dlu\u010dov\u00e9 kameny mohou p\u0159i tro\u0161e sm\u016fly zp\u016fsobit z\u00e1n\u011bt v tr\u00e1vic\u00edm traktu (\u017elu\u010dn\u00edk, \u017elu\u010dov\u00e9 cesty, slinivka b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed), kter\u00fd vy\u017eaduje neodkladnou p\u00e9\u010di.<\/p>\n

Pr\u016fjem \u017elu\u010dov\u00fdch kyselin<\/h2>\n

\u017dlu\u010d se tvo\u0159\u00ed, jak ji\u017e bylo zm\u00edn\u011bno, v j\u00e1trech a obsahuje \u017elu\u010dov\u00e9 soli. Tyto \u017elu\u010dov\u00e9 soli jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed tuk\u016f z potravy. V\u011bt\u0161ina \u017elu\u010dov\u00fdch sol\u00ed je znovu vyu\u017eita t\u00edm, \u017ee jsou odebr\u00e1ny ze st\u0159eva a dopraveny zp\u011bt do jater. Mal\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st \u017elu\u010dov\u00fdch sol\u00ed (p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 5 %) v\u0161ak nen\u00ed znovu vst\u0159eb\u00e1na, ale p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed do tlust\u00e9ho st\u0159eva, kde m\u00e1 ur\u010dit\u00fd proj\u00edmav\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit gastrointestin\u00e1ln\u00ed probl\u00e9my.<\/p>\n

Pokud je hladina \u017elu\u010dov\u00fdch sol\u00ed v tlust\u00e9m st\u0159ev\u011b vysok\u00e1, m\u016f\u017eete trp\u011bt pr\u016fjmem. Kdy\u017e se v tlust\u00e9m st\u0159ev\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed koncentrace soli, do st\u0159eva se dostane v\u00edce tekutiny a je ovlivn\u011bno n\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch st\u0159evn\u00edch funkc\u00ed, co\u017e vede k \u0159\u00eddk\u00e9 stolici.<\/p>\n

Odhaduje se, \u017ee asi 1 % lid\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b trp\u00ed tzv. pr\u016fjmy \u017elu\u010dov\u00fdch kyselin, naz\u00fdvan\u00fdmi tak\u00e9 malabsorpce \u017elu\u010dov\u00fdch kyselin nebo BAD (Bile Acid Diarrhoea). Mezi lidmi, kte\u0159\u00ed trp\u00ed chronick\u00fdmi pr\u016fjmy, v\u0161ak t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017ed\u00fd t\u0159et\u00ed trp\u00ed pr\u016fjmy ze \u017elu\u010dov\u00fdch kyselin.<\/p>\n

B\u011b\u017en\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edznaky pr\u016fjmu ze \u017elu\u010dov\u00fdch kyselin jsou vodnat\u00e9 a opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se pr\u016fjmy se zap\u00e1chaj\u00edc\u00edmi stolicemi \u017elut\u00e9ho zabarven\u00ed, \u010dasto s „nad\u00fdchan\u00fdm“ vzhledem, a to i v noci, bolest,
\ndoch\u00e1z\u00ed tak\u00e9 k nad\u00fdm\u00e1n\u00ed a \u00faniku stolice (inkontinenci stolice).<\/p>\n

Pr\u016fjem ze \u017elu\u010dov\u00fdch sol\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed p\u0159i jin\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00edch, nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i Crohnov\u011b chorob\u011b, mikroskopick\u00e9 kolitid\u011b, chronick\u00e9 pankreatitid\u011b nebo amyloid\u00f3ze, ale m\u016f\u017ee se vyskytovat i bez p\u0159idru\u017een\u00e9 choroby. Tato forma, kter\u00e1 nen\u00ed spojena s \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm jin\u00fdm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm nebo operac\u00ed, se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 idiopatick\u00fd pr\u016fjem \u017elu\u010dov\u00fdch kyselin (typ 2<\/strong> ) a n\u011bkdy m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nespr\u00e1vn\u011b interpretov\u00e1na jako IBS-D <\/a> (IBS \/ syndrom dr\u00e1\u017ediv\u00e9ho tra\u010dn\u00edku s pr\u016fjmem).<\/p>\n

Diagn\u00f3zu pr\u016fjmu ze \u017elu\u010dov\u00fdch sol\u00ed lze stanovit pomoc\u00ed tzv. „75Se HCAT testu“<\/strong>. P\u0159i tomto testu pacient u\u017eije kapsli s testovanou l\u00e1tkou a pot\u00e9 se sleduje, jak je l\u00e1tka v t\u011ble metabolizov\u00e1na. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee metoda zahrnuje n\u00edzkou d\u00e1vku z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed se neprov\u00e1d\u00ed u t\u011bhotn\u00fdch \u017een. Pro stanoven\u00ed diagn\u00f3zy pr\u016fjmu ze \u017elu\u010dov\u00fdch sol\u00ed mohou b\u00fdt d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 i n\u011bkter\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159ovac\u00ed metody.<\/p>\n

Pr\u016fjem ze \u017elu\u010dov\u00fdch kyselin se l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpravky v\u00e1zaj\u00edc\u00edmi \u017elu\u010dov\u00e9 kyseliny (Questran nebo Lestid), kter\u00e9 jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9. Pacient\u016fm se tak\u00e9 doporu\u010duje sn\u00ed\u017eit mno\u017estv\u00ed tuku ve strav\u011b.<\/p>\n

Gastrointestin\u00e1ln\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 potravinovou intoleranc\u00ed ( potravinovou alergi\u00ed <\/i>)<\/h2>\n

Je pom\u011brn\u011b b\u011b\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee r\u016fzn\u00e9 potraviny mohou zp\u016fsobovat gastrointestin\u00e1ln\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee.<\/p>\n

Nesn\u00e1\u0161enlivost lakt\u00f3zy<\/h3>\n

Nesn\u00e1\u0161enlivost lakt\u00f3zy znamen\u00e1, \u017ee jste citliv\u00ed na cukr obsa\u017een\u00fd v ml\u00e9ce – lakt\u00f3zu. Nejedn\u00e1 se v\u0161ak o alergii, proto\u017ee se u v\u00e1s neprojev\u00ed alergick\u00e1 reakce. P\u0159i intoleranci lakt\u00f3zy chyb\u00ed enzym, kter\u00fd norm\u00e1ln\u011b \u0161t\u011bp\u00ed lakt\u00f3zu ve st\u0159evech – lakt\u00e1za, a proto jste p\u0159ecitliv\u011bl\u00ed na ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00fd cukr. Intolerance lakt\u00f3zy je sama o sob\u011b ne\u0161kodn\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Tato nesn\u00e1\u0161enlivost je v Evrop\u011b pom\u011brn\u011b \u010dast\u00e1, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskyt je v ji\u017en\u00edch a v\u00fdchodn\u00edch zem\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Vrozen\u00e1 intolerance lakt\u00f3zy (prim\u00e1rn\u00ed vrozen\u00fd nedostatek lakt\u00e1zy<\/strong> ) je velmi vz\u00e1cn\u00e1 a obvykle se zjist\u00ed v kojeneck\u00e9m v\u011bku, proto\u017ee d\u00edt\u011b pak pot\u0159ebuje speci\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1hradu mate\u0159sk\u00e9ho ml\u00e9ka. Tito pacienti mus\u00ed cel\u00fd \u017eivot \u017e\u00edt s ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00fdmi v\u00fdrobky se sn\u00ed\u017een\u00fdm obsahem lakt\u00f3zy nebo bez lakt\u00f3zy.<\/p>\n

Jin\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady intolerance lakt\u00f3zy (sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed nedostatek lakt\u00e1zy) mohou b\u00fdt do\u010dasn\u00e9 a objevuj\u00ed se po jin\u00fdch st\u0159evn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00edch, kter\u00e1 n\u011bjak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem po\u0161kozuj\u00ed st\u0159evn\u00ed sliznici (st\u0159evn\u00ed infekce, nesn\u00e1\u0161enlivost lepku, Crohnova choroba atd.). Dieta se sn\u00ed\u017een\u00fdm obsahem lakt\u00f3zy m\u016f\u017ee \u010dasto pomoci zm\u00edrnit p\u0159\u00edznaky pr\u016fjmu a dodate\u010dn\u00fdch plyn\u016f, kter\u00e9 vznikaj\u00ed p\u0159i rozkladu lakt\u00f3zy st\u0159evn\u00edmi bakteriemi. Nejprve je v\u0161ak t\u0159eba l\u00e9\u010dit onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobuje do\u010dasn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my. Pak budete s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed op\u011bt moci j\u00edst lakt\u00f3zu.<\/p>\n

Nesn\u00e1\u0161enlivost lakt\u00f3zy m\u016f\u017ee diagnostikovat zdravotn\u00edk jednoduch\u00fdm testem, kter\u00fd uk\u00e1\u017ee, co se stane, kdy\u017e ze stravy odstran\u00edte nebo p\u0159id\u00e1te lakt\u00f3zu. M\u016f\u017eete tak\u00e9 podstoupit testy na intoleranci lakt\u00f3zy. Pokud za\u010dnete ze sv\u00e9ho j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dku vy\u0159azovat ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky, budete mo\u017en\u00e1 pot\u0159ebovat dal\u0161\u00ed dopl\u0148ky stravy, abyste z\u00edskali dostatek v\u00e1pn\u00edku a vitaminu D. V opa\u010dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b byste mohli zv\u00fd\u0161it riziko osteopor\u00f3zy a zlomenin kost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Nesn\u00e1\u0161enlivost lepku (celiakie)<\/h2>\n

Lepek je b\u00edlkovina obsa\u017een\u00e1 v mou\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobc\u00edch. Nesn\u00e1\u0161enlivost lepku je z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m ne\u017e nap\u0159\u00edklad nesn\u00e1\u0161enlivost lakt\u00f3zy, proto\u017ee m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k po\u0161kozen\u00ed funkce st\u0159ev. Pacienti s celiaki\u00ed \u010dasto trp\u00ed zhor\u0161en\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edjmem \u017eivin a r\u016fzn\u00fdmi gastrointestin\u00e1ln\u00edmi probl\u00e9my, jako je plynatost, bolesti \u017ealudku a pr\u016fjem. Vy\u0159azen\u00edm lepku ze stravy se t\u011bchto probl\u00e9m\u016f m\u016f\u017eete zbavit. P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si v\u00edce o lepku a celiakii<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed st\u0159ev (IBD)<\/h2>\n

Ulcer\u00f3zn\u00ed kolitida<\/h3>\n

Ulcer\u00f3zn\u00ed kolitida je nevyl\u00e9\u010diteln\u00fd chronick\u00fd z\u00e1n\u011bt, kter\u00fd obvykle za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 ve 20. a 30. letech a postihuje st\u0159eva (tlust\u00e9 st\u0159evo a\/nebo kone\u010dn\u00edk). Z\u00e1n\u011bt zhor\u0161uje funkci st\u0159ev. Mezi b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky ulcer\u00f3zn\u00ed kolitidy pat\u0159\u00ed krev ve stolici, bolesti b\u0159icha, kter\u00e9 se po n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b toalety zmen\u0161uj\u00ed, a dal\u0161\u00ed gastrointestin\u00e1ln\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee, jako je pr\u016fjem. Onemocn\u011bn\u00ed obvykle trv\u00e1 cel\u00fd \u017eivot, ale m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ich\u00e1zet a odch\u00e1zet v ur\u010dit\u00fdch obdob\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Dnes nen\u00ed zn\u00e1mo, pro\u010d n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 trp\u00ed ulcer\u00f3zn\u00ed kolitidou, ale existuje l\u00e9\u010dba (chirurgick\u00e1 a medikament\u00f3zn\u00ed), kter\u00e1 \u010dasto v\u00fdrazn\u011b zm\u00edr\u0148uje p\u0159\u00edznaky. Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed stresu, v\u00edce sp\u00e1nku a \u00faprava j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dku tak\u00e9 obvykle zlep\u0161uj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky. Pokud dlouhodob\u011b trp\u00edte rozs\u00e1hlou ulcer\u00f3zn\u00ed kolitidou, existuje zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 riziko vzniku rakoviny st\u0159eva.<\/p>\n

Crohnova choroba<\/h3>\n

Crohnova choroba je onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee postihnout cel\u00fd tr\u00e1vic\u00ed trakt od \u00fast a\u017e po kone\u010dn\u00edk, i kdy\u017e nej\u010dast\u011bji je posti\u017eena doln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st tenk\u00e9ho a tlust\u00e9ho st\u0159eva. Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edznaky jsou bolesti b\u0159icha, pr\u016fjem, krvav\u00e1 stolice p\u0159i hubnut\u00ed a \u00fanava.<\/p>\n

Crohnova choroba se obvykle objevuje ve v\u011bku 18-30 let a postihuje stejn\u011b mu\u017ee i \u017eeny. Posti\u017een\u00ed by se m\u011bli vyvarovat kou\u0159en\u00ed, proto\u017ee kou\u0159en\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee pr\u016fb\u011bh nemoci zhor\u0161it. Riziko onemocn\u011bn\u00ed zvy\u0161uje tak\u00e9 kou\u0159en\u00ed. N\u011bkter\u00e9 l\u00e9ky dnes zm\u00edr\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky Crohnovy choroby, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee mnoho lid\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee \u017e\u00edt norm\u00e1ln\u011b. N\u011bkdy v\u0161ak l\u00e9ky nepom\u00e1haj\u00ed a m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt ke vzniku p\u00ed\u0161t\u011bl\u00ed nebo ucp\u00e1n\u00ed, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nutn\u00e1 operace.<\/p>\n

Divertikulitida (infikovan\u00e9 st\u0159evn\u00ed kapsy)<\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e v\u00fdkaly uv\u00edznou ve vyboulenin\u00e1ch st\u0159evn\u00ed sliznice (tzv. st\u0159evn\u00edch kaps\u00e1ch), m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k infekci, kdy\u017e je st\u0159evn\u00ed sliznice sou\u010dasn\u011b oslaben\u00e1\/po\u0161kozen\u00e1. Zan\u00edcen\u00e9 st\u0159evn\u00ed kapsy se tak\u00e9 naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed divertikulitida a \u010dasto se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v doln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti tlust\u00e9ho st\u0159eva. St\u0159evn\u00ed kapsy jsou b\u011b\u017en\u00e9, zejm\u00e9na \u010d\u00edm jste star\u0161\u00ed, a obvykle nezp\u016fsobuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, pokud nedojde k z\u00e1n\u011btu v jedn\u00e9 nebo v\u00edce z nich. M\u016f\u017eete poci\u0165ovat bolest \u017ealudku a hore\u010dku, nevolnost a zvracen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Bolest je obvykle v podb\u0159i\u0161ku, \u010dasto na lev\u00e9 stran\u011b. M\u016f\u017ee se tak\u00e9 st\u00e1t, \u017ee budete m\u00edt dal\u0161\u00ed gastrointestin\u00e1ln\u00ed probl\u00e9my, jako je pomal\u00fd nebo voln\u00fd \u017ealudek a nad\u00fdm\u00e1n\u00ed. St\u0159evn\u00ed kapsy se obvykle nel\u00e9\u010d\u00ed, ale v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nutn\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dba antibiotiky nebo chirurgick\u00fd z\u00e1krok.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed informace o divertikul\u00f3ze a divertikulitid\u011b <\/a><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1cpa<\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm d\u016fvodem, pro\u010d je stolice tvrd\u00e1 a zt\u011b\u017euje vyprazd\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed, je to, \u017ee pijete p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 m\u00e1lo tekutin. Stejn\u011b tak pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nekonzumujete dostatek vl\u00e1kniny.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edmi p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinami z\u00e1cpy mohou b\u00fdt r\u016fzn\u00e9 l\u00e9ky, n\u011bkter\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed a n\u011bkter\u00e9 potraviny. \u017deny mohou m\u00edt do\u010dasnou z\u00e1cpu tak\u00e9 b\u011bhem t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed a na konci menstrua\u010dn\u00edho cyklu. Z\u00e1cpa m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k dal\u0161\u00edm pot\u00ed\u017e\u00edm, jako je nevolnost, bolest \u017ealudku a hemoroidy.<\/p>\n

Obvyklou radou pro zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1cpy je v\u00edce p\u00edt, j\u00edst potraviny s vysok\u00fdm obsahem vl\u00e1kniny, v\u00edce cvi\u010dit a vytvo\u0159it si denn\u00ed re\u017eim pro n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy toalety. D\u00e9le trvaj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1cpu by m\u011bl v\u017edy vy\u0161et\u0159it l\u00e9ka\u0159.<\/p>\n

P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si v\u00edce o b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch zp\u016fsobech l\u00e9\u010dby chronick\u00e9 z\u00e1cpy <\/a><\/p>\n

Plyny<\/h2>\n

Ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u00e1 v \u017ealudku a st\u0159evech plyny. Plyn poch\u00e1z\u00ed ze vzduchu, kter\u00fd polyk\u00e1me\/pijeme (oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd), nebo z bakteri\u00ed, kter\u00e9 \u017eij\u00ed v na\u0161ich st\u0159evech. Jsou to plyny, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1s nut\u00ed \u0159\u00edhat a prd\u011bt.<\/p>\n

N\u011bkter\u00e9 potraviny mohou zvy\u0161ovat produkci plyn\u016f (nap\u0159\u00edklad vl\u00e1knina) a zp\u016fsobovat bolest. Pravideln\u00e9 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy toalety a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 pohybov\u00e1 aktivita mohou tyto p\u0159\u00edznaky mnohdy zm\u00edrnit.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1dorov\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed – nap\u0159. rakovina tlust\u00e9ho st\u0159eva<\/h2>\n

Jednou z nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch forem rakoviny, kter\u00e1 postihuje tr\u00e1vic\u00ed trakt, je rakovina tlust\u00e9ho st\u0159eva. Rakovina tlust\u00e9ho st\u0159eva vznik\u00e1 ve sliznici st\u0159eva, kde se ji\u017e nach\u00e1z\u00ed poran\u011bn\u00ed nebo jin\u00e1 malformace (polyp). P\u0159\u00edznaky, kter\u00e9 jsou u rakoviny tlust\u00e9ho st\u0159eva b\u011b\u017en\u00e9, jsou gastrointestin\u00e1ln\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee v podob\u011b \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv toalety, pot\u00ed\u017ee s vyprazd\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm st\u0159ev – \u017ee nikdy nedojdete na toaletu, \u017ee krv\u00e1c\u00edte ze st\u0159ev a \u017ee stolice je krvav\u00e1 a hlenovit\u00e1. \u010cast\u00e9 jsou tak\u00e9 bolesti b\u0159icha, \u00fanava a bu\u0161en\u00ed srdce.<\/p>\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed trp\u00ed rakovinou tlust\u00e9ho st\u0159eva, jsou star\u0161\u00ed lid\u00e9 a rakovina tlust\u00e9ho st\u0159eva pom\u011brn\u011b z\u0159\u00eddka postihuje osoby mlad\u0161\u00ed 30 let. M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 do ur\u010dit\u00e9 m\u00edry d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e1 a riziko posti\u017een\u00ed se zvy\u0161uje p\u0159i n\u011bkter\u00fdch gastrointestin\u00e1ln\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00edch, jako je ulcer\u00f3zn\u00ed kolitida.<\/p>\n

L\u00e9\u010dba rakoviny tlust\u00e9ho st\u0159eva obvykle spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v chirurgick\u00e9m z\u00e1kroku, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m se n\u00e1dor odstran\u00ed, \u010dasto v kombinaci s chemoterapi\u00ed. Stejn\u011b jako u mnoha jin\u00fdch typ\u016f rakoviny plat\u00ed, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm d\u0159\u00edve je onemocn\u011bn\u00ed odhaleno, t\u00edm snadn\u011bji se l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pokud se v\u00e1m do stolice p\u0159im\u00edch\u00e1 krev a objev\u00ed se nov\u00e9 gastrointestin\u00e1ln\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee, m\u011bli byste vyhledat p\u00e9\u010di p\u0159\u00edmo ve zdravotnick\u00e9m st\u0159edisku nebo na pohotovosti. To by m\u011blo b\u00fdt provedeno tak\u00e9 v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b siln\u00fdch bolest\u00ed \u017ealudku.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1n\u011bt slep\u00e9ho st\u0159eva<\/h2>\n

 <\/p>\n

P\u0159i z\u00e1n\u011btu slep\u00e9ho st\u0159eva \u010dasto bol\u00ed kolem pupku a v prav\u00e9 doln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti \u017ealudku. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt bolest m\u00edrn\u00e1, ale postupn\u011b se zvy\u0161uje. \u010casto se objevuje hore\u010dka, nechutenstv\u00ed a nevolnost.<\/p>\n

K z\u00e1n\u011btu slep\u00e9ho st\u0159eva doch\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159i z\u00e1n\u011btu tzv. apendixu (\u010d\u00e1st tlust\u00e9ho st\u0159eva hned za tenk\u00fdm st\u0159evem).<\/p>\n

Nel\u00e9\u010den\u00fd z\u00e1n\u011bt slep\u00e9ho st\u0159eva m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit komplikace, jako je z\u00e1n\u011bt pob\u0159i\u0161nice nebo praskl\u00e9 slep\u00e9 st\u0159evo. Nej\u010dast\u011bji se z\u00e1n\u011bt slep\u00e9ho st\u0159eva vyskytuje v dosp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed (mezi 10. a 20. rokem \u017eivota). Z\u00e1n\u011bt slep\u00e9ho st\u0159eva se obvykle l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed chirurgicky, dnes nej\u010dast\u011bji laparoskopickou apendektomi\u00ed, p\u0159i n\u00ed\u017e se slep\u00e9 st\u0159evo odstran\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Kdy byste se m\u011bli obr\u00e1tit p\u0159\u00edmo na zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di?<\/h2>\n

N\u011bkter\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky, kter\u00e9 obecn\u011b nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee byste se m\u011bli obr\u00e1tit p\u0159\u00edmo na zdravotnickou p\u00e9\u010di kv\u016fli sv\u00fdm gastrointestin\u00e1ln\u00edm probl\u00e9m\u016fm, jsou:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • rychle zhubnout a\/nebo nem\u00edt chu\u0165 k j\u00eddlu <\/span><\/li>\n
  • n\u00e1hle se objev\u00ed velk\u00e1 bolest v horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti b\u0159icha. <\/span><\/li>\n
  • siln\u00e1 bolest b\u0159icha, kter\u00e1 neustupuje. <\/span><\/li>\n
  • zvratky a obsah \u017ealudku vypadaj\u00ed jako mlet\u00e1 k\u00e1va nebo obsahuj\u00ed krev. <\/span><\/li>\n
  • maj\u00ed \u010dernou\/krvavou stolici <\/span><\/li>\n
  • bolesti b\u0159icha a sou\u010dasn\u011b nap\u0159\u00edklad hore\u010dka nebo nevolnost. <\/span><\/li>\n
  • jste star\u0161\u00ed 50 let a m\u00e1te \u017ealude\u010dn\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee, kter\u00e9 jste d\u0159\u00edve nem\u011bli.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Informace na t\u00e9to str\u00e1nce nikdy nemohou nahradit n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvu l\u00e9ka\u0159e nebo jin\u00e9ho zdravotnick\u00e9ho pracovn\u00edka, kter\u00fd v\u00e1m poskytne individu\u00e1ln\u00ed radu, diagn\u00f3zu a l\u00e9\u010dbu. <\/em> <\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Krom\u011b IBS mohou b\u00fdt gastrointestin\u00e1ln\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee zp\u016fsobeny i jin\u00fdmi onemocn\u011bn\u00edmi tr\u00e1vic\u00edho traktu. V mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech je nutn\u00e9 je p\u0159ed diagnostikov\u00e1n\u00edm IBS vylou\u010dit. Zde je p\u0159ehled n\u011bkter\u00fdch b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch gastrointestin\u00e1ln\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f. P\u00e1len\u00ed \u017e\u00e1hy \/ refluxn\u00ed choroba Refluxn\u00ed choroba neboli „p\u00e1len\u00ed \u017e\u00e1hy\/reflux kyseliny“ je b\u011b\u017en\u00fd gastrointestin\u00e1ln\u00ed probl\u00e9m, kter\u00fd postihuje 10 a\u017e 30 % evropsk\u00e9 populace. P\u0159\u00edznaky jsou pocit […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":38910,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[318],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38907","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dalsi-strevni-potize","et-has-post-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"yoast_head":"\nDal\u0161\u00ed gastrointestin\u00e1ln\u00ed probl\u00e9my - all about IBS<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"P\u0159\u00edznaky jsou pocit p\u00e1len\u00ed na hrudi \/ v krku, kdy\u017e \u017ealude\u010dn\u00ed \u0161\u0165\u00e1va vystupuje ze \u017ealudku.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/allaboutibs.com\/cs\/dalsi-gastrointestinalni-problemy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Dal\u0161\u00ed gastrointestin\u00e1ln\u00ed probl\u00e9my - 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